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Photovoltaics on the balcony - a popular but viable solution?
Balcony photovoltaics: Key information
Operating principles and components
Photovoltaic panels for the balcony work on the same principle as those mounted on roofs or on the ground. The installation consists of solar panels, an inverter (microinverter), a support structure and connection cables. Three types of installation are possible: on-grid, off-grid and plug and play.
Photovoltaic installation models
On-grid (grid-connected):
On-grid photovoltaics on the balcony connect to the public grid. It requires notification to the electricity company and the installation of a bi-directional meter that measures the energy taken and transmitted to the grid. Although the number of panels on the balcony is limited, which may not be enough to cover the entire energy demand, this installation is still beneficial as it reduces the power consumption from the grid.
Off-grid (island system):
An off-grid system includes panels, a small inverter and a battery for energy storage. This solution makes it possible to power domestic appliances and also provides a reserve of energy in case of power cuts. Compact power stations, combining the battery and inverter, offer additional convenience with various sockets and USB ports.
Plug and play:
The easiest to install plug and play system, or 'photovoltaics to socket', includes solar panels, a matching inverter and connecting cables. Installation does not require specialist knowledge or the assistance of an expert. After reporting to the Distribution System Operator and replacing the meter, the panels simply need to be connected to the nearest socket.
Formalities and permission
Before installing panels on a balcony, permission must be obtained from the authorities of the housing association, community or property manager, as balconies can be considered part of the building façade. The rules for the use of balconies may vary depending on the regulations of the housing association in question.
Ideal installation conditions
The best balconies for photovoltaic installation are those with good sunlight, especially those facing south. It is important to have a minimum of shade and an adequate size of balustrade area, which allows more panels to be installed. Panels should be positioned at the correct angle to maximise their efficiency.
Cost-effectiveness
Balcony photovoltaics can significantly reduce electricity bills. For example, 400 kWp panels can deliver up to 400 kWh per year, which at an electricity price of £1.5/kWh means a saving of £600 per year. An investment in such panels can pay for itself after just 5 years.
Summary
Balcony photovoltaics, despite some limitations, are an effective way to reduce energy costs and increase the energy independence of residents in multi-family buildings.
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